How does BMS prevent overcharging and undercharging?

Q: How does a BMS protect against overcharging or undercharging?

A: The BMS monitors each cell’s voltage and adjusts the charge current to maintain safe levels. If any cell exceeds its voltage limit, the BMS either cuts off the charging circuit or reduces the charging rate. Similarly, it prevents deep discharge by restricting power output when voltage falls below a critical threshold, preserving battery health and ensuring a longer lifespan.