How does the BMS calculate and monitor SOC and SOH?

Q: What methods are used by BMS to calculate the State of Charge (SOC) and State of Health (SOH)?

A: SOC is determined using a combination of voltage measurements, current flow, and temperature data, typically refined using algorithms like the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF). SOH is assessed through impedance spectroscopy, where the BMS tracks changes in internal resistance and monitors cycle life degradation. More advanced methods use machine learning for predictive modeling, offering more precise real-time estimates.